- John Scott Haldane carried out research into blood oxygen and was the inventor of the gas mask and decompression table for divers.
- Charlotte Auerbach was a leading geneticist who, after fleeing Germany during the second world war, became a founding researcher in the field of mutagens.
- The first cloned mammal (Dolly the Sheep) at the Roslin Institute research centre in 1996.
- Princess Margaret Rose Hospital Bioengineering Centre’s team created the world’s first commercial prosthetic bionic hand.
